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London

Fragmente din Referat Engleza ” London”

LONDON
London (England), city, capital of the United Kingdom. It is situated in south-eastern England at the head of the River Thames estuary. Settled by the Romans as an important shipping point for crops and minerals, it gradually developed into the wealthy capital of a thriving industrial and agricultural nation. The expansion in the 19th century of the British Empire increased London’s influence still further. Since World War II the city’s prominence on the international stage has diminished, but it remains a flourishing financial centre and home to one of the world’s most important stock exchanges., Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, and Waltham Forest.
Transport In London
Transport is essential to the operation of a city such as London. Its very development was significantly affected by the advent of the railways, and more recently the construction of roads (particularly the orbital M25 motorway) has influenced patterns of settlement and economic activity. London has one of the most extensive urban railway systems in the world; in addition to the Underground railway, there is a network of suburban railways covering London and the surrounding region. Most of the passenger-carrying Underground lines in central London were built before 1914. Suburban extensions were added before and after World War II. The most recent line, the Jubilee, opened in 1979 and in the 1990s was extended eastward to Stratford. The Docklands Light Railway connects the City of London with Docklands and other east London destinations. Most travel is done by rail and Underground, although there is also considerable commuting by car, particularly in the outer boroughs. London has about 18,000 licensed taxis.
Railway services from London to Paris or Brussels through the Channel Tunnel run from the terminal at Waterloo station.
London has three main airports. Heathrow, about 25 km (15 mi) west of London, is the world’s busiest airport for international passengers and is Britain’s most important airport for passengers and air freight (handling about 55 million passengers and over 1 million tonnes of freight in 1996). Gatwick (south of London) is Britain’s second-busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic, and Stansted (to the north-east, in Essex) is the sixth-busiest. London City Airport, based in the rejuvenated Docklands area, links Docklands and the City to continental Europe.
The Port of London, covering about 150 km (93 mi) of waterway along the Thames to the east coast, is the largest port in Britain in terms of total tonnage of cargo handled and in terms of non-fuel traffic. The total tonnage handled in 1995 was about 52 million tonnes.
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VERBE NEREGULATE

to be, was, been=a fi
to see, saw, seen=a vedea
to hear, heard, heard=a auzi
to have, had, had=a avea
to read, read, read=a citi
to say, said, said=a zice
to lay, laid, laid=a aseza, a pune jos
to pay, paid, paid=a plati, a achita
to make, made, made=a face
to lead, led, led=a indruma; a conduce (oameni)
to flee, fled ,fled=a fugi de (din fata)
to breed, bred, bred=a creste animale
to feed, fed, fed= a hrani
to bleed, bled, bled=a sangera
to hear, heard, heard=a auzi
to leave, left, left= a parasi
to keep, kept, kept=a tine
to sleep, slept, slept= a dormi
to sweep, swept, swept= a matura
to creep, crept, crept= a se tari;a se furisa
to spend, spent, spent=a cheltui(banii);a petrece ( timpul)
to bend, bent, bent= a indoi
to weep, wept, wept=a plange
to leap, leapt, leapt=a sari (peste)
to mean, meant, meant= a insemna
to sell, sold, sold=a vinde
to tell, told, told=a spune, a povesti
to bring, brought, brought=a aduce
to buy, bought, bought=a cumpara
to seek, sought, sought=a cauta
to think, thought, thought=a se gandi
to catch, caught, caught=a prinde, a apuca
to teach, taught, taught= a invata(pe cineva)
to fight, fought, fought=a lupta
to shout, shot, shot=a impusca
to get, got, got(ten)=a primi,a lua
to forget, forgot, forgot(ten)=a uita
to choose, chose, chosen=a alege
to freeze, froze, frozen= a ingheta
to speak, spoke, spoken=a vorbi
to wake, woke, woken=a se trezi
to shake, shook, shaken=a scutura
to take, took, taken=a lua

to eat, ate, eaten=a manca
to give, gave, given=a da
to forgive, forgave, forgiven=a ierta
to bite, bit, bitten=a musca
to write, wrote, written=a scrie
to drive, drove, driven=a conduce(un vehicul)
to strive, strove, striven=a se stradui
to draw, drew, drawn=a trage
to grow, grew, grown=a creste
to blow, blew, blown=a sufla
to fly, flew, flown=a zbura
to know, knew, known=a sti
to sow, sowed, sown=a semana
to sew, sewed, sewn=a coase
to saw, sawed, sawn=a taia cu fierastraul
to show, showed, shown=a arata
to swear, swore, sworn=a jura;a injura
to spit, spat, spat=a scuipa
to bear, bore, born=a se naste (la pasiv)
to bear, bore, borne=a purta, a cara
to run, ran, run=a alerga
to come, came, come=a veni
to become, became, become=a deveni
to spin, span, spun=a roti,a invarti
to begin, began, begun=a incepe
to swim, swam, swum=a innota
to win, won, won=a castiga
to do, did, done=a face
to dig, dug, dug=a sapa
to hang, hung, hung=a atarna, a agata
to spring, sprang, sprung=a sãri;a izvorâ
to cling, clang, clung=a se agãta (de)
to sing, sang, sung=a canta
to sink, sank,sunk(en)=a se lasa in jos,a pune
to drink, drank, drunk=a bea
to lie, lay, lain=a zãcea, a sta culcat
to sit, sat, sat=a sedea
to shed, shed, shed=a varsa(lacrimi);a pierde, a se debarasa (de); a raspandi (lumina,caldura, etc)
to set, set, set=a pune, a aseza
to hunt, hunt, hunt=a vana
to cut, cut, cut=a taia
to shut, shut, shut=a inchide
to hit, hit, hit=a lovi(cu un obiect)

to hurt, hurt, hurt=a rani
to cost, cost, cost=a costa
to lose, lost, lost=a pierde
to strike, struck, struck=a lovi
to stand, stood, stood=a sta in picioare
to understand, understood, understood=a intelege
to bind, bound, bound=a lega
to find, found, found=a gasi
to shut, shut, shut=a impusca
to hit, hit, hit=a lovi
to grind, ground, ground=a sfarama
to build, built, built=a construi
to spill, spilt, spilt=a rasturna

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sunt asezate pe grupe de sonoritate; dintre ele, cele subliniate sunt cele mai frecvente; traducerea reda sensul cel mai general al verbului.